PSAMMONALIA

Newsletter of the International Association of Meiobenthologists

Number 114, November 1996

Composed and Printed at The University of Gent, Department of Morphology - Systematics and Ecology, Marine Biology Section, K.L. Ledeganckstr. 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.

Executive Committee

Magda Vincx, Chairperson,
Ann Vanreusel, Treasurer,
Paul A. Montagna, Past Chairperson, Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Port Aransas, P.O. Box 1267, Port Aransas TX 78373, USA
Robert Feller, Assistant Treasurer and Past Treasurer, Belle Baruch Institute for Marine Science and Coastal Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208, USA
Gunter Arlt, Term Expires 2001, Rostock University, Department.of Biology, Rostock D18051, GERMANY
Teresa Radziejewska, Term Expires 1998, Interoceanmetal Joint Organization, ul. Cyryla I Metodego 9, 71-541 Szczecin, POLAND
Yoshihisa Shirayama, Term Expires 1998, Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 1-15-1 Minamidai, Nakano-Ku, Tokyo 164, JAPAN
James Ward, Term Expires 1998, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA

Ex-Officio Executive Committee (Past Chairpersons)

Robert P. Higgins, Founding Editor, 1966-67
W. Duane Hope 1968-69
John S. Gray 1970-71
Wilfried Westheide 1972-73
Bruce C. Coull 1974-75
Jeanne Renaud-Mornant 1976-77
William D. Hummon 1978-79
Robert P. Higgins 1980-81
Carlo Heip 1982-83
Olav Giere 1984-86
John W. Fleeger 1987-89
Richard M. Warwick 1990-92
Paul A. Montagna 1993-1995

Board of Correspondents

Bruce Coull, Belle Baruch Institute for Marine Science and Coastal Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
Dan Danielopol, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Limnology, A-5310 Mondsee, Gaisberg 116, Austria
Roberto Danovaro, Facolta de Scienze, Universita di Ancona, ITALY
Nicole Gourbault, Museum Nat. Hist. Nat., Bim - 57 rue Curie, Paris, 75231 Paris 5, FRANCE
Andrew Gooday, Institute of Oceanographic Sciences, Wormley, Godalming, Surrey, GU8 5UB, UK
Duane Hope, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
Tom Moens, University of Gent, Marine Biology Section, K.L. Ledeganckstr. 35, B-9000 Gent, BELGIUM
Alex V. Tchesunov, Dept. Invertebrate Zoology, Biology Faculty, Moscow Lomonosov State Univ., Moscow 119899, RUSSIA
Zhang Zhinan, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of Qindgao, Qingdao, Shangdong, PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA

You may make your donations to the Bertil Swedmark Fund directly to the IAM bank account (account number 6586667) of the Lloyds Bank (Sort code 30-96-68), 8 Royale Parade Plymouth PL1 1HB, UK.

IN MEMORIAM

Bettye W. Dudley, long-time meiofauna researcher, and assistant to Bruce Coull at the University of South Carolina died November 2, 1996. Bettye ran the meiofauna laboratory at the University of South Carolina from 1973 until 1993, when she retired from the University. She continued to work after her retirement just to help out. What a wonderful woman. She was the mentor, trainer and mother to all the students who passed thru the lab over the past 20 years - they always remember Bettye. Up until the end Bettye remembered them by sending a card on their birthday or on the birth of a child or on their wedding anniversary. Bettye won the award for identifying the most meiofauna taxa on the T-shirt at the 6th International Meiofauna meeting in Tampa. She organised the third International meeting in Columbia, SC and attended the 4th meeting in Gent. She was a wonderful spirit, who even though trained as a chemist, loved her little beasties. Anyone who met Bettye was happier! The University of South Carolina meiofauna family will greatly miss her as will the international family of meiobenthologists.

Bruce. C. Coull
4 November 1996

EDITORIAL

For me personally last months (until this morning) were very busy in writing proposals and finding ways to get meiofauna work (and other marine research) financed. So I will keep this editorial extremely short and you will find more interesting news in the rest of the issue. Guest editorials are also very welcome !

M. Vincx

ANNOUNCEMENTS

XIMCO 1998

Richard Warwick
Plymouth Marine Laboratory
Prospect Place, West Hoe.
Plymouth PL1 3DH,
UK

Second English Language International Nematology Symposium of the Russian Society of Nematologists

Moscow, Russia, August 23-29 1997
The second English Language International Nematology Symposium will be held in Moscow by special arrangement with Moscow State University and the Institute of Parasitology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A wide range of specialist and broad-interest topics on plant, terrestrial, entomopathogenous and marine nematodes will be presented. The principal objectives of the Symposium are to facilitate scientific exchange and to enable participants to establish new contacts for future scientific collaboration.
The official language of the Symposium is English and all Abstracts and presentations will be in English. Simultaneous translation will not be provided.
Note: Full details will be published in September 1996 in the Russian Journal of Nematology Volume 4, Part 2. See also the Russian Journal of Nematology Home Page: http://www.scri.sari.ac.uk/rjn/rjn.htm For full details of cost, registration forms, etc, contact:

Dr D.J. F. Brown
Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA,
Scotland,UK
Tel.: (01382) 562731; Fax: (01382) 562426
e-mail: DJF.Brown@scri.sari.ac.uk

or:

Prof Dr V.V. Malakhov
Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 19899, Russia
Tel.: (095) 939 36 56; Fax: (095)187 9250
e-mail: vvm@malakhov.bio.msu.su

Eighth Deep Sea Biology Symposium

Monterey, California, U.S.A., 22 September - 27 September, 1997
The 8th Deep Sea Biology Symposium (DSBS) has been moved to Monterey, California, in consideration of the one year delay required to host the event in Galway, as originally planned during the 7th Symposium at Crete. The 8th DSBS will be co-hosted by Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) and Monterey Bay Aquarium (MBA), and is tentatively scheduled for the 22th through the 27th of September, 1997. Monterey is a beautiful setting for the 8th DSBS, and we invite all of the deep-sea scientific community to attend and enjoy the symposium, associated events, and leave a bit of time to explore the central California coast.

SYMPOSIUM FORMAT

The format for the DSBS will be similar to earlier meetings, including both oral and poster presentations concerning deep-sea organisms and ecosystems. We invite papers on any related topic, and are particularly interested in presentations relating to processes influencing the function and organization of deep-sea communities or populations. Themes of interest include, but are not limited to:

- Diversity, Adaptation, and Evolution of Deep-Sea Biota
- Pattern and Function of Deep-Sea Populations and Communities
- Source and Utilization of Carbon Inputs in Deep-Sea Systems
- Metabolic or Physiological Studies of Deep-Sea Biota
- Microbial Processes in Deep-Sea Habitats
- Deep-Sea Pelagic Community Studies
- Sedimentation and Diagenesis in Deep Ocean Habitats
- Reproduction in the Deep Sea
- Interdisciplinary Studies in Deep Ocean Settings (JGOFS, ...)
- Studies of Specialized Habitats (Seeps, Vents, Oxygen Min. Zone)

We invite suggestions for additional or alternative symposium topics. We will invite keynote speakers for each topic of the symposium, with the final selection of topics based upon abstract submissions. A compendium of abstracts will be printed for the symposium.

Hosting Organizations / DSBS Coordinators

Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute / Drs. J.P. Barry and B.H. Robison
Monterey Bay Aquarium
Drs. C. Harrold and R.E. Kochevar
P.O. Box 628, Moss Landing, CA 95039
U.S.A.
Tel.(408) 775-1726, Fax.(408) 775-1645,
email: barry@mbari.org
internet: http://www.mbari.org/

Call for a New International Congress of Zoology

Dr. F.D. Por and Dr. R.M. Polymeni are looking for response concerning the feasibility of a New International Congress of Zoology , possibly to be convened in Athens, sometime during 1999 or 2000.
The First International Congress of Zoology was held in Paris, in 1889. Seventy years later, the XVIth Congress in Washington recommended the discontinuation of the congresses because of the feeling that Zoology has split into too many unrelated specialized fields. Nonetheless a last XVIIth rump Congress was held in 1972 in Monte Carlo. The idea was advanced that the International Conference s on Systematic and Evolutionary Biology will replace the defunct Zoological Congresses at a higher level. After several meetings of the ICSEB, it became evident that they did not live-up this expectation.
We are ready to try to bring forward again, the rich and unifying aspects of Zoology and to reassert its general global, human and philosophical role. We are hoping for the approval and support of the zoological diaspora. The best encouragement will be to send us suggestions regarding the themes and the structure of the proposed New International Congress of Zoology. More important again, we need personal commitments to help organizing symposia, workshops and hints of possible funding sources. We shall need even at an early stage to establish an active and representative Action Committee. Understandably, we shall be able to appeal for funding only after having obtained convincing public support and after having a prestigious enough Committee in place.

Please contact:

Dr. Rosa Polymeni
University of Athens
Department of Biology
15784 Athens
Greece
Tel.30.1.7284364 Fax. 30.1.7243325
e-mail: rpolime@atlas.uoa.gr

Post-graduate training course in limnology

The institute of Limnology (Austrian Academy of Sciences) is organising a course in Limnology in Mondsee/Lunz as part of the Master's programme in 'Wetland Ecology and Limnology'. This new proposed programme will start in April 1996 and will be organised together with the International Institute for Infrastructural, Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering at Delft, The Netherlands and Makerere University at Kampala, Uganda.
Subjects of lectures and basic courses will include physical and chemical properties and processes in lakes and rivers; morphology, water movements, light and heat, geo- and biochemical cycles; fundamentals of water quality assessments and control; groundwater ecology; composition and distribution of organism communities (bacteria, phyto- and zooplankton, macro- and microbenthos, fish) and their role and interactions in aquatic ecosystems; systematic and biological survey of principal taxa; approaches to the assessment of primary and secondary production...
For further information apply to the Austrian Diplomatic Mission for your country or contact:

Institute of Limnology
Dr. Franz Neidl
Gaisberg 116
A-5310 Mondsee
AUSTRIA
Phone: 06232-4079 Fax. 06232-3578 -3125
Telex: 11 26 28 oeaw a
e-mail: ilimnolmon@aon.at

Training Workshop on Statistical Analysis and Interpretation of Community Ecology Data

A Training Workshop on Statistical Analysis and Interpretation of Community Ecology Data, using PRIMER will take place at the Plymouth Marine Laboratory, 6-10 January 1997.
The lecture component of this 5-day course will expound a framework for the data analysis and interpretation of community data, typically large matrices of counts (or biomass) of many species from samples taken at different sites or times. The lecture material concentrates on a suite of graphical and multivariate statistical techniques exploited and developed at the Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML) over the last decade. Their utility in describing communities and identifying patterns of change, in natural or pollution impact situations, has been successfully demonstrated in a number of published PML papers, and will be familiar to many I. A. M. members. Many of the examples given in the course will be of meiofauna studies, though other marine faunal components will be discussed and the statistical methods are equally applicable to freshwater and terrestrial communities. The course lecturers are K R Clarke, R M Warwick, M R Carr, and P J Somerfield, all of the Plymouth Marine Laboratory.
Methodological lectures will be given principally by Bob Clarke, with interpretational aspects covered mainly by Richard Warwick and Paul Somerfield, and Martin Carr will describe the workshop software. A 144-page book - Change in marine communities - (Clarke and Warwick, 1994), which closely follows the structure of the course, will be distributed to participants at the start of the workshop. This will be supplemented by reprints for the most recent developments and a user manual for the software.
Interspersed with the lectures, practical sessions will allow participants to follow through the ideas by analysing example community data sets from the published literature. The analyses will be performed on IBM-compatible PCs using the PRIMER package (Plymouth Routines In Multivariate Ecological Research) - a series of linked programs developed for research purposes at the PML. Participants are also encouraged to bring to the workshop a trial community data set of their own. This should be digitally-held, as a rectangular species (rows) by samples (columns) matrix in Excel or simple comma- or space-separated ASCII format. A reasonable amount of time has been set aside in the programme for initial analyses of these data, using the techniques described in the lectures. The workshop fee (#890, although academic and student discounts are available) includes a single-user licence for the PRIMER package.
Participants who wish to bring a portable PC to the workshop are welcome to do so, but should note that the package is for IBM-compatible PCs only (not Apple Macs) and runs under DOS. Around 520Kb of free core memory and 8.5 Mb of disk space are required. The software runs best on a 486 DX (or better) processor; on earlier machines (286, 386 or 486SX) a maths co-processor is highly desirable to obtain acceptable performance (several of the multivariate methods are computationally non-trivial).
The workshop is designed for biologists who collect and need to analyse community data of some form. Elementary acquaintance with PC operation is assumed, as is a rudimentary knowledge of standard statistical concepts of variation and hypothesis testing. No formal statistical background is necessary however; the multivariate methods are described from first principles and the advocated non-parametric approach lends itself to straightforward, non-technical explanations of how and why the methods work
. The workshop will take place at the Citadel Hill site of the PML.
Details are available from the course administrator, Dr. Paul Somerfield, who will be happy to answer any queries.

Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place
West Hoe
Plymouth PL1 3DH
Phone: 01752 633100 Fax: 01752 633101
e-mail: P.Somerfield@pml.ac.uk

Short report on the 'Sixth International Conference on Copepoda'

This years copepod conference took place from July 29th to August 3rd, 1996 at the University of Oldenburg (Germany) hosted by the The World Association of Copepodologists WAC-contact for membership applications: Dr. E. Suarez-Morales, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur-Chetumal, A.P. 424. Chetumal, 77000 Quintana Roo, Mexico; email:esuarez@xaway.ciqro.conacyt.mx.
This was the largest copepod conference since its inauguration in 1981 (Amsterdam): 250 participants from 40 countries presented 113 posters an 60 oral contributions (18 plenary talks and 42 contributed papers) on various aspects of the biology of copepods.
As expected from an animal group where the majority of taxa are dwelling in the watercolumn-either free living or associated- most contributions tackled aspects of the Calanoida and Cyclopoida primarily. Restricting myself to oral contributions, we however had a special session for mainly meiobenthic harpacticoids: Biology of Harpacticoida. Here, Yuga Tadasugi presented a paper on the population biology of Porcellidium sp. from Tokyo Bay. Ahmed Ahnert demonstrated that freshwater Potamocaris sp. (Parastenocarididae) to be restricted to exposed sand banks of Southamerican river beds. Hydrothermal vent harpacticoids were shown by Sophie Conroy-Dalton, and Mike Gee demonstrated copepod communities from Malaysian mangrove leaf litter decay. Whereas the plenary talks usually had the broad scope of general biological phenomena of the copepods, were several meiobenthic copepod topics incorporated in other sessions. As for copepod reproductive biology, Frank Fiers gave a talk on female leg 4 development in the Laophontidae. Melissa Frey contributed on chemical signals influencing mating behaviour of Coullana spp., and Johannes Dürbaum reported about the function of sexual dimorphism in harpacticoid Podogennonta. Hans Dahms summarized trends in the life cycles of the Harpacticoida, and Rony Huys discussed disproportionate sex ratios in deep-sea harpacticoids and the status of deep-sea Ameiridae. Kai Vopel demonstrated adaptations of Cletocamptus confluens exposed to an microaerobic system. Much more new evidence from meiobenthic harpacticoids and cyclopoids was hidden in more general talks, as the one by Geoff Boxhall on the ontogeny and phylogeny of copepod antennules, or chemical mechanisms of copepod mate recognition by Darcy Londsdale, or mating behaviour by Ed Buskey.
Benthic if not meiobenthic topics are covered by at least two other fields of copepod research: associate copepods of benthic invertebrates and bottom fish, and dormant life cycle stages of copepods in sediments (e.g. resting eggs, diapausing copepodids). Copepod dormancy was also the topic of a workshop taking place after the conference with one interesting prospectus: planktologists learnt to cooperate with meiobenthologists in the study of benthopelagic processes in general and to get some clues about the distribution and abundances of benthic diapausing stages.
Hans-U. Dahms
Oldenburg

UK Systematics Forum

The UK Systematics Forum, an initiative set up with the aim of promoting the coordination of UK systematics, published its 1994-95 Review on Friday, 6th October.
Information on the UK Systematics Forum will shortly be available on the Internet, accessible from the Natural History Museum's Home Page (URL: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/index.html, or by contacting E. Watson
UK Systematics Forum
c/o The Natural History Museum
Cromwell Road
London, SW7 5BD
e-mail: ew@nhm.ac.uk

Microfauna marina on Internethttp://www.gwdg.de/~tbartol/morph/microfau/welcome.html

For more information contact

Dr. Thomas Bartolomaeus
II. Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum
Berliner Str. 25
D-37073 Goettingen
Germany
Tel.++49-551-395566 Fax. ++49-551-395448
e-mail: tbartol@gwdg.de

New catalogue of harpacticoid copepods

Philippe Bodin lets us know that the new version of his catalogue is now ready and he can send the computer disc (w.p. WORD6) to people who have sent him a cheque of 120 FF (made out in French francs and to his name). But he can also send the files by e-mail as (attachments) if it is prefered.
About the index, you must notice that pagination is wrong: first because of a modification of the presentation of the paragraphs after the pagination and, secondly, this pagination depends of the computer drivers, i.e. of each computer. But it is not a problem with WORD because it is so easy to search a word. The important thing is that scientific names are mentioned.
As a result of a meeting with F. Fiers in Brussels, A updated version in English is preparation for publication as a paper at the end of 1997, by the Belgian Royal Institute of Natural Sciences. This version will be available on computer disc as well. In order to avoid sending expenses the volume (around 300 pages!) will be presented at the next congresses such as the 4th International Congress in Amsterdam in July 1998.

Job announcement

Nicole Gourbault and Guy Boucher wrote us that there is a possibility that a position will be opened in their lab next year. It is a job for a biologist who likes to work on polychaetes / interstitial worms (curator of the Polychaetes Collection).
The putative candidate first has to registrate on the qualification list of the Museum of Paris, before applying for the job. It is compulsory!
The procedure is to send a CV and to fill in forms before the 15th of January.
If somebody is interested, please contact Nicole Gourbault very quickly to receive the application forms before the deadline.
Nicole Gourbault
Biologie des Invertébrés marins
Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle
57 rue Cuvier, 73231 Paris Cedex 05
e-mail:gourbaul@mnhn.fr Tel. 33/1.40 79 31 12 - Fax. 33/1.40 79 31 09

RECENT LITERATURE

Abebe, E & A Coomans, 1996. Aquatic nematodes from Ethiopia: the genus Monhystera
Bastian, 1865 (Monhysteridae, Nematoda) with the description of four new species. Hydrobiologia, 324 (1): 1-51.

Abebe, E & A Coomans, 1996. Aquatic nematodes from Ethiopia: the genus Monhystrella Cobb, 1918 (Monhysteridae, Nematoda) with the description of six new species. Hydrobiologia, 324 (1): 53-77.

Abeleoeschger, D , 1996. A comparative study of superoxide dismutase activity in marine benthic invertebrates with respect to environmental sulphide exposure. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 197 (1): 39-49.

Andersen, FO, 1996. Fate of organic carbon added as diatom cells to oxic and anoxic marine sediment microcosms. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 134 (1-3): 225-233.

Ansari, ZA & MU Gauns, 1996. A quantitative analysis of fine scale distribution of intertidal meiofauna in response to food resources. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, 25 (3): 259-263.

Balsamo, M, E Fregni & P Tongiorgi, 1996. Marine Gastrotricha from Sicily with the description of a new species of Chaetonotus. Italian Journal of Zoology, 63 (2): 173-183.

Bauernebelsick, M, CF Bardele & JA Ott, 1996. Electron microscopic studies on Zoothamnium niveum (Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1831) Ehrenberg, 1838 (Oligohymenophora, Peritrichida), a ciliate with ectosymbiotic, chemoautotrophic bacteria. European Journal of Protistology, 32 (2): 202-215.

Bertolani, R & V Biserov, 1996. Leg and claw adaptations in soil tardigrades. With erection of two new genera of Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae: Pseudohexapodibius and Xerobiotus. Invertebrate Zoology, 115 (4): 299-304.

Bird, AF, 1995. Studies on Eutobrilus heptapapillatus (Nematoda: Tobrilidae) the predominant nematode inhabiting the bottoms of Lakes Albert and Alexandrina, South Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 119 (3): 133-141.

Bird, AF, SG McClure & WL Nicholas, 1991. Observations on crystalloid bodies in the pseudocoelom of Eutobrilus heptapapillatus. Journal of Nematology, 23 (1): 39-47.

Blome, D, 1996. An inventory of the free-living marine nematodes of the East Frisian Wadden Sea including the estuaries of the rivers Ems, Jade, and Weser. Senckenbergiana maritima, 26 (3-6): 107-115.

Blome, D & A Faubel, 1996. Eulittoral nematodes from the Elbe estuary: Species composition, distribution, and population dynamics. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement 110 (2/3): 107-157.

Bruce, NL & AG Soares, 1996. Taxonomy and ecology of sandy beach Eurydice (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cirolanidae) from the west coast of South Africa. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 37 (1): 77-98.

Buffandubau, E, R Dewit & J Castel, 1996. Feeding selectivity of the harpacticoid copepod Canuella perplexa in benthic muddy environments demonstrated by HPLC analyses of chlorin and carotenoid pigments. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 137 (1-3): 71-82.

Carman, KR & MA Todaro, 1996. Influence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the meiobenthic copepod community of a Louisiana salt marsh. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 198 (1): 37-54.

Chandler, GT & AS Green, 1996. A 14-day harpacticoid copepod reproduction bioassay for laboratory and field contaminated muddy sediments. IN: GK Ostrander (ed.). Techniques In Aquatic Toxicology. CRC Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, pp. 23-39.

Chandler, GT, DF Williams, HJ Spero & XD Gao, 1996. Sediment microhabitat effects on carbon stable isotopic signatures of microcosm cultured benthic Foraminifera. Limnology and Oceanography, 41 (4): 680-688.

Clausen, C, 1996. Three new species of Gastrotricha Macrodasyida from the Bergen area, Western Norway. Sarsia, 81 (2): 119-129.

Colangelo, MA, T Macri & VU Ceccherelli, 1995. Meiobenthic copepod interactions in recolonization of azoic sand in a lagoon environment. S.I.T.E. Atti, 16.

Colangelo, MA, T Macri & VU Ceccherelli, 1996. A field experiment on the effect of two types of sediment disturbance on the rate of recovery of a meiobenthic community in a eutrophicated lagoon. Hydrobiologia, 329: 57-67.

Colombini, I, R Berti, A Nocita & I Chelazzi, 1996. Foraging strategy of the mudskipper Periophthalmus sobrinus Eggert in a Kenyan mangrove. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 197 (2): 219-235.

Coomans, A, E. Abebe & MC Vandevelde, 1996. Position of pharyngeal gland outlets in Monhysteridae (Nemata). Journal of Nematology, 28 (2): 169-176.

Craigie, JS & JA Correa, 1996. Etiology of infectious diseases in cultivated Chondrus crispus (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). Hydrobiologia, 327: 97-104.

Currini-Galletti, M & PM Martens, 1996. New species of Archilina Ax, 1959 (Platyhelminthes, Proseriata) from the Red Sea and the Caribbean. Tropical Zoology, 9 (1): 187-200.

Danovaro, R, N Della Croce, A Eleftheriou, M Fabiano, N Papadopoulou, C Smith & A Tselepides, 1995. Meiofauna of the deep Eastern Mediterranean Sea: distribution and abundance in relation to bacterial biomass, organic matter composition and other environmental factors. Progress in Oceanography, 36: 329-341.

Debovée, F, POJ Hall, S Hulth, G Hulthe, A Landen & A Tengberg, 1996. Quantitative distribution of metazoan meiofauna in continental margin sediments of the Skaggerrak (Northeastern North Sea). Journal of Sea Reseach, 35 (1-3): 189-197.

Devi, LP, P Natarajan, GS Ammal & PKA Azis, 1996. Water quality and benthic fauna of the Kayamkulam backwaters and Arattupuzha Coast along the south west coast of India. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, 25 (3): 264-267.

Faust, MA & RA Gulledge, 1996. Associations of microalgae and meiofauna in floating detritus at a mangrove island, Twin Cays, Belize. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 197 (2): 159-175.

Fiers F, JW Reid, TM Iliffe & E Suarez-Morales, 1996. New hypogean cyclopoid copepods (Crustacea) from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Contributions to Biology, 66 (2): 65-102.

Finlay, BJ, GE Esteban & T Fenchel, 1996. Global diversity and body size. Nature, 383: 132-133 (scientific correspondence in relation to Siemann et al., Nature 380: 704-706).

Fischer, U , 1996. Ultrastructure of penetrated spermatozoa, ovary, and oogenesis of Dactylopodola baltica (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 29 (1): 71-78.

Fleeger, JW, TC Shirley, MG Carls & MA Todaro, 1996. Meiofaunal recolonization experiment with oiled sediments. American Fisheries Society Symposium, 18: 271-285.

Gagarin, VG , 1996. On the species Diplogaster rivalis (Nematoda, Diplogasteridae). Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 75 (5): 773-778.

Glatzel, T & HK Schminke, 1996. Mating behaviour of the groundwater copepod Parastenocaris phyllura Kiefer, 1938 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). Contributions to Zoology, 66 (2): 103-108.

Goedkoop, W & RK Johnson, 1996. Pelagic-benthic coupling: profundal benthic community response to spring diatom deposition in mesotrophic lake Erken. Limnology and Oceanography, 41 (4): 636-647.

Gooday, AJ, O Pfannkuche & PJD Lambshead, 1996. An apparent lack of response by metazoan meiofauna to phytodetritus deposition in the bathyal north eastern Atlantic. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK, 76 (2): 297-310.

Green, AS & GT Chandler, 1996. Life table evaluation of sediment associated chlorpyrifos chronic toxicity to the benthic copepod, Amphiascus tenuiremis. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 31 (1): 77-83.

Green, AS, GT Chandler & WW Piegorsch, 1996. Life stage specific toxicity of sediment associated chlorpyrifos to a marine, infaunal copepod. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 15 (7): 1182-1188.

Grimaldi, SD, MD Gallo, RMM DeLucia & A Troccoli, 1996. Hemitanarctus chimaera ng, n sp, new Halechiniscidae from the Ionian Sea (Tardigrada, Heterotardigrada). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 234 (3): 167-174.

Hall, SJ & SP Greenstreet, 1996. Global diversity and body size. Nature, 383: 133 (scientific correspondence in reply to Siemann et al., Nature 380: 704-706).

Humes, AG , 1996. New genera of Copepoda (Poecilostomatoida) from the scleractinian coral Psammocora in New Caledonia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 118 (1): 59-82.

Hummon, WD, MA Todaro, M Balsamo & P Tongiorgi, 1996. Italian marine Gastrotricha: four new pentacrous species of the genus Tetranchyroderma (Macrodasyida, Thaumastodermatidae). Italian Journal of Zoology, 63 (1): 73-79.

Huxham, M, D Raffaelli & AW Pike, 1995. The effect of larval trematodes on the growth and burrowing behaviour of Hydrobia ulvae (Gastropoda: Prosobranchiata) in the Ythan estuary, north east Scotland. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 185: 1-17.

Huys, R, 1996. Biuncus nom. nov., a replacement name for Singularia Huys, 1995 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Paramesochridae). Journal of Natural History, 30 (8): 1261.

Huys, R & JM Gee, 1996. Sentiropsis, Peltisenia and Afrosenia: three new genera of Paranannopidae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 37 (1): 49-75.

Jarvis, SC & R Seed, 1996. The meiofauna of Ascophyllum nodosum (L) Le Jolis: characterization of the assemblages associated with two common epiphytes. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 199 (2): 249-267.

Jensen, P, 1996. Burrows of marine nematodes as centres for microbial growth. Nematologica, 42 (3): 320-329.

Kamenskaya, OE & VV Galtsova, 1996. Meiobenthos of Canary upwelling. Okeanologiya, 36 (3): 413-417.

Kammenga, JE & JAG Riksen, 1996. Comparing differences in species sensitivity to toxicants: phenotypic plasticity versus concentration response relationships. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 15 (9): 1649-1653.

King, JL, MA Simovich & RC Brusca, 1996. Species richness, endemism and ecology of crustacean assemblages in northern California vernal pools. Hydrobiologia, 328: 85-116.

Kogure, K, HK Do, DS Kim & Y Shirayama, 1996. High concentrations of neurotoxin in free living marine nematodes. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 136 (1-3): 147-151.

Kurashov, EA, IV Telesh, VE Panov, NV Usenko & MA Rychkova, 1996. Invertebrate communities associated with macrophytes in Lake Ladoga: effects of environmental factors. Hydrobiologia, 322 (1-3): 49-55.

Li, J, M Vincx, PMJ Herman, 1996. A model of nematode dynamics in the Westerschelde estuary. Ecological modelling, 90 (3): 271-284.

Lorenzen, S, 1996. The metamorphosis of traditional into advanced phylogenetic systematics and its impact on nematode systematics. Russian Journal of Nematology, 4 (1): 61-70.

Lotufo, GR & JW Fleeger, 1996. Toxicity of sediment-associated pyrene and phenanthrene to Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 15 (9): 1508-1516.

McLachlan, A, G Kerley & C Rickard, 1996. Ecology and energetics of slacks in the Alexandria coastal dunefield. Landscape and Urban Planning, 34 (3-4): 267-276.

Mikhalevich, VI, 1994. A new classification of the class Astrorhizata (Foraminifera). Zoosystematica Rossica, 3 (2): 161-174.

Miller, DC, RJ Geider & HL MacIntyre, 1996. Microphytobenthos: the ecological role of the secret garden of unvegetated, shallow water marine habitats. Role in sediment stability and shallow water food webs. Estuaries, 19 (2A): 202-212.

Mirabdullayev, IM, 1996. The genus Mesocyclops (Crustacea: Copepoda) in Uzbekistan (Central Asia). Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie, 81 (1): 93-100.

Moens, T, A Vierstraete & M Vincx , 1996. Life strategies in two bacterivorous marine nematodes: preliminary results. PSZNI Marine Ecology, 17: 509-518.

Moens, T & M Vincx, 1996. Do meiofauna consume primary production? About many questions and how to answer them. IN: J Baeyens, F Dehairs & L Goeyens (eds.), Integrated Marine System Analysis. European Network for Integrated Marine System Analysis, Nationaal Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Minutes of the first Network Meeting (Brugge, 29.02.96-2.03.96), VUB University Press, pp. 188-202.

Nesteruk, T , 1996. Density and biomass of Gastrotricha in sediments of different types of standing waters. Hydrobiologia, 324 (3): 205-208.

Ocaña, A, JA Hernandez & I Martin, 1996. A new species and new combinations of Brevitobrilus Tsalolikhin, 1981 (Nematoda, Tobrilidae) from Spain. Journal of Nematology, 28 (2): 190-195.

Palmer, MA, JD Allan & CA Butman, 1996. Dispersal as a regional process affecting the local dynamics of marine and stream benthic invertebrates. Trends in Ecology and Evolution,11 (8): 322-326.

Palmer, MA & DL Strayer, 1996. Meiofauna. IN: FR Hauer & GA Lamberti (eds.). Methods in Stream Ecology. Academic Press, New York, pp. 315-338.

Peletier, H, 1996. Long term changes in intertidal estuarine diatom assemblages related to reduced input of organic waste. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 137 (1-3): 265-271.

Pettibone, MH, 1993. Polynoid polychaetes associated with a whale skeleton in the bathyal Santa Catalina Basin. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 106 (4): 678-688.

Pfeifer, D, HP Baumer, H Ortleb, G Sach & U Schleier, 1996. Modelling spatial distributional patterns of benthic meiofauna species by Thomas and related processes. Ecological Modelling, 87 (1-3): 285-294.

Radziejewska, T, JW Fleeger, NN Rabalais & KR Carman, 1996. Meiofauna and sediment chloroplastic pigments on the continental shelf off Louisiana, USA. Continental Shelf Research, 16 (13): 1699-1723.

Raspopov, IM, IN Andronikova, ON Dotsenko, EA Kurashov, GI Letanskaya, VE Panov, MA Rychkova, IV Telesh, OA Tchernykh & FF Vorontsov, 1996. Littoral zone of Lake Ladoga: ecological state evaluation. Hydrobiologia, 322 (1-3): 39-47.

Retraubun, ASW, M Dawson & SM Evans, 1996. The role of the burrow funnel in feeding processes in the lugworm Arenicola marina (L). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 202 (2): 107-118.

Robinson, J & A Avenantoldewage, 1996. Aspects of the morphology of the parasitic copepod Lernaea cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758 and notes on its distribution in Africa. Crustaceana, 69 (5): 610-626.

Särkkä, J, 1996. Meiofauna ratios as environmental indicators in the profundal depths of large lakes. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 42 (3): 229-240.

Särkkä, J, 1996. Meiofauna of the profundal zone of the Northern part of Lake Ladoga as an indicator of pollution. Hydrobiologia, 322 (1-3): 29-38.

Simenstad, CA, JR Cordell, L Tear, LA Weitkamp, FL Paveglio, KM Kilbride, KL Fresh & CE Grue, 1996. Use of Rodeo and X-77 spreader to control smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) in a southwestern Washington estuary: 2. Effects on benthic microflora and invertebrates. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 15 (6): 969-978.

Slepukhina, TD, IV Belyakova, YA Chichikalyuk, NN Davydova, GT Frumin, EM Kruglov, EA Kurashov, EV Rubleva, LV Sergeeva & D Subetto, 1996. Bottom sediments and biocoenoses of northern Lake Ladoga and their changes under human impact. Hydrobiologia, 322 (1-3): 23-28.

Soltwedel, T, O Pfannkuche & H Thiel, 1996. The size structure of deep sea meiobenhos in the north eastern Atlantic: nematode size spectra in relation to environmental variables. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK, 76 (2): 327-344.

Sopott-Ehlers, B, 1996. First evidence of mitochondrial lensing in two species of the "Typhloplanoida" (Plathelminthes, Rhabdocoela): Phylogenetic implications. Zoomorphology, 116 (2): 95-

Steichen, DJ, SJ Holbrook & CW Osenberg, 1996. Distribution and abundance of benthic and demersal macrofauna within a natural hydrocarbon seep. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 138 (1-3): 71-82.

Street, GT & PA Montagna, 1996. Loss of genetic diversity in Harpacticoida near offshore platforms. Marine Biology, 126 (2): 271-282.

Szymanski, M, T Opiola, MZ Barciszewska, J Barciszewski, 1996. The nucleotide sequence of 5S ribosomal RNA from the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum: Evolutionary relationships in nematodes. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Gene Structure and Expression, 1308 (3): 251-255.

Todaro, MA, JW Fleeger, YP Hu, AW Hrincevich & DW Foltz, 1996. Are meiofaunal species cosmopolitan: morphological and molecular analysis of Xenotrichula intermedia (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotida). Marine Biology, 125 (4): 735-742.

Traunspurger, W, 1996. Autecology of Monhystera paludicola De Man, 1880: seasonal, bathymetric and vertical distribution of a free living nematode in an oligotrophic lake. Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie, 81 (2): 199-211.

Traunspurger, W & C Drews, 1996. Toxicity analysis of freshwater and marine sediments with meio- and macrobenthic organisms: a review. Hydrobiologia, 328 (3): 215-261.

Traunspurger, W, H Schäfer & A Remde, 1996. Comparative investigation on the effect of a herbicide on aquatic organisms in single species tests and aquatic microcosms. Chemosphere, 33 (6): 1129-1141.

Tsukagoshi, A & T Kamiya, 1996. Heterochrony of the ostracod hingement and its significance for taxonomy. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 57 (4): 343-370.

Uiblein, F, JR Roca, A Baltanas & DL Danielopol, 1996. Tradeoff between foraging and antipredator behaviour in a macrophyte dwelling ostracod. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 137 (1): 119-133.

Urbancik, W, M Bauer-Nebelsick & JA Ott, 1996. The ultrastructure of the cuticle of Nematoda. 1. The body cuticle of the Stilbonematinae (Adenophorea, Desmodoridae). Zoomorphology, 116 (2): 51-64.

Urbancik, W, V Novotny & JA Ott, 1996. The ultrastructure of the cuticle of Nematoda. 2. The cephalic cuticle of the Stilbonematinae (Adenophorea, Desmodoridae). Zoomorphology, 116 (2): 65-76.

Vanvoorhies, WA, 1996. Bergmann size clines: a simple explanation for their occurrence in ectotherms. Evolution, 50 (3): 1259-1264.

Vinas, MD & R Gaudy, 1996. Annual cycle of Euterpina acutifrons (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) in the Gulf of San Matias (Argentina) and in the Gulf of Marseilles (France). Scientia Marina, 60 (2-3): 307-318.

Walters, K & AL Shanks, 1996. Complex trophic and nontrophic interactions between meiobenthic copepods and marine snow. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 198 (1): 131-145.

Watson, NA & E Schockaert, 1996. Spermiogenesis and sperm ultrastructure in Thylacorhynchus ambronesis (Schizorhynchia, Kalyptorhynchia, Platyhelminthes). Invertebrate Zoology, 115 (4): 263-272.

Westheide, W & G Purschke, 1996. Leptonerilla diplocirrata, a new genus and species of interstitial polychaetes from the island of Hainan, south China (Nerillidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Wahington, 109 (3): 586-590.

Willen, E, 1996. Two new genera of Laophontidae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from the high Antarctic Weddell Sea. Journal of Natural History, 30 (9): 1297-1327.

Williamson, JE & RG Creese, 1996. Small invertebrates inhabiting the crustose alga Pseudolithoderma sp. (Ralfsiaceae) in Northern New Zealand, 1996. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 30 (2): 221-232.

Wilson, MJ, LA Hughes, GM Hamacher, LD Barahona & DM Glen, 1996. Effects of soil incorporation on the efficacy of the rhabditid nematode, Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, as a biological control agent for slugs. Annals of Applied Biology, 128 (1): 117-126.

Wouts,WM, 1996. The national nematode collection of New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 23 (2): 183-189.

Young, IM, BG Griffiths & WM Robertson, 1996. Continuous foraging by bacterial feeding nematodes. Nematologica, 42 (3): 107-157.

QUIZ

Identify the worm with whom we decorated our Christmas tree, or maybe you can find every animal on our Christmas tree.

Send your email reflections to: Dominick.Verschelde@rug.ac.be

THANKS
This issue was also made possible due to the help and effort of the following members : Alan Bird, Bruce Coull, Nicole Gourbault, Roberto Danovaro and Dan Danielopol.

The International Association of Meiobenthologists is a non-profit scientific society representing meiobenthologists in all aquatic disciplines. The Association is dedicated to the dissemination of information by publishing a quarterly newsletter and sponsoring a triennial International Conference. The newsletter, Psammonalia, is published mid-month in February, May, August and November.

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